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Contents · Categories · Featured content · A–Z index The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960–1279 AD; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. The Song Dynasty is divided into two distinct periods: the Northern Song and Southern Song. During the Northern Song, the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing and the dynasty controlled most of inner China. The Southern Song refers to the period after the Song lost control of northern China to the Jin Dynasty. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze River and established their capital at Lin'an. The Southern Song Dynasty considerably bolstered naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin (and later the Mongols), the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin Dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song Dynasty in 1279. China was once again unified, under the Yuan Dynasty. (more...) Recently featured: PNC Park – H.M.S. Pinafore – Vagrant Story From Wikipedia's newest articles: August 13: Independence Day for the Central African Republic (1960) More anniversaries: August 12 – August 13 – August 14 Immature cones of a Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens), a species of spruce native to western North America. It is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 25 to 30 metres (82 to 98 ft) tall, exceptionally to 46 m (150 ft) tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft). The cones are slender and cylindrical, 6–11 centimetres (2.4–4.3 in) long, and are reddish to violet in color, maturing to pale brown 5–7 months after pollination. The Blue Spruce is the state tree of Utah and Colorado. Recently featured: Flaming Cliffs, Mongolia – Apparent retrograde of Mars – Construction of Mt. Rushmore Wikipedia is hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization that also hosts a range of other projects: This Wikipedia is written in English. Started in 2001, it currently contains 2,991,550 articles. Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below. lwyy.net

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